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William I, Prince of Orange (1533-1584), also known as William the Silent and William the Taciturn, was a wealthy nobleman from the Dutch provinces of the Spanish Netherlands. He originally served the Spanish Habsburgs, but increasing dissatisfaction with the centralisation of power away from the local estates and Spanish persecution of Dutch Protestants led William to join the Dutch revolt and becoming its main leader.<br/><br/> As leader of the uprising, William led the Dutch to several successes against the Spanish, setting off the Eighty Years' War (1568-1648). He was declared an outlaw by the Spanish king in 1580, before helping to declare the formal independence of the Dutch Republic, also known as the United Provinces, in 1581. He was eventually assassinated by Balthasar Gerard in 1584.<br/><br/> William was the founder of the House of Orange-Nassau, making him the ancestor of the present Dutch monarchy. Within the Netherlands he is also fondly remembered as the 'Father of the Fatherland'.
Philip II (Spanish: Felipe II; 21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598) was King of Spain (1556–98), King of Portugal (1581–98, as Philip I, Filipe I), King of Naples and Sicily (both from 1554), and <i>jure uxoris</i> King of England and Ireland (during his marriage to Queen Mary I from 1554–58).<br/><br/> Philip was the son of Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain Charles V and Isabella of Portugal, his empire included territories on every continent then known to Europeans, including his namesake the Philippines. During his reign, Spain reached the height of its influence and power. This is sometimes called the Spanish Golden Age.<br/><br/> The Plaza de España is a plaza in the Parque de María Luisa (Maria Luisa Park), in Seville, Spain, built in 1928 for the Ibero-American Exposition of 1929. It is a landmark example of the Regionalism Architecture, mixing elements of the Renaissance Revival and Moorish Revival (Neo-Mudéjar) styles of Spanish architecture.
Philip II (238-249), also known as Philippus II and Philip the Younger, was the son and heir to Emperor Philip I, or Philip the Arab. When Philip I became emperor in 244, Philip II was appointed Caesar, and served as consul in 247. His father eventually elevated him to Augustus and co-emperor some time later.<br/><br/> Philip I was killed in battle with rival claimant Decius in 249, and when news of his death reached Rome the Praetorian Guard murdered Philip II. It was said that he died in his mother's arms, aged only eleven.
Philip II (238-249), also known as Philippus II and Philip the Younger, was the son and heir to Emperor Philip I, or Philip the Arab. When Philip I became emperor in 244, Philip II was appointed Caesar, and served as consul in 247. His father eventually elevated him to Augustus and co-emperor some time later.<br/><br/> Philip I was killed in battle with rival claimant Decius in 249, and when news of his death reached Rome the Praetorian Guard murdered Philip II. It was said that he died in his mother's arms, aged only eleven.
Head of Apollo on a gold stater coin struck by Philip II of Macedon (r.359-336 BCE).<br/><br/> Apollo is one of the most important and diverse of the Olympian deities in Greek and Roman mythology. The ideal of the kouros (a beardless, athletic youth), Apollo has been variously recognized as a god of light and the sun; truth and prophecy; medicine, healing, and plague; music, poetry, and the arts; and more.<br/><br/> Apollo is the son of Zeus and Leto, and has a twin sister, the chaste huntress Artemis. Apollo is known in Greek-influenced Etruscan mythology as Apulu. Apollo was worshiped in both ancient Greek and Roman religion, as well as in the modern Greco–Roman Neopaganism.
Head of Philip II of Macedon (r.359-336 BCE), on a gold victory medal (niketerion) struck in Tarsus, 2nd c. BCE.<br/><br/> Philip II of Macedon, (382 – 336 BCE), was a Greek king (basileus) of Macedon from 359 BCE until his assassination in 336 BCE. He was the father of Alexander the Great and Philip III.